Child, adolescent, and parent mental health in general population during a year of COVID-19 pandemic in belgium: a cross-sectional study

Background: This study aims to evaluate the mental health status of children, adolescents and their parents during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium. Method(s): Analysis compared results before and during the second national lockdown, which started on November 2nd 2020. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between May 2020 and April 2021. Result(s): Two hundred and eighteen adults and 273 children fully completed the survey. Almost one in five children (17.9%) presented moderate-to-severe scores of depression. Adolescents presented a higher level of depression than children (p = 0.007). The rate of moderate-to-severe depression scores (10.8% to 21%, p = 0.007) and internalized symptoms increased during the second lockdown (p < 0.001). Parents' depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.027) levels also increased during the second lockdown. Logistic regression showed that the use of psychotropic medication in parents and parents' depression scores were risk factors for children to have worse depression scores. Conclusion(s): The second lockdown appears to worsen the effects of the pandemic on children's and parents' mental health. There is a need to implement specific interventions targeting both children/adolescents and their parents to support them during lockdown periods and improve mental health outcomes.Copyright © 2022, The Author(s).

The Study of the Correlation Betweenthe on the Diet, Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress among College Students in Taichung during the COVID-19 Pandemic Distance Learning.

Research indicates the COVID-19 epidemic changes people's health and diet, However, this has not yet been well discussed in Taiwan, especially in college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of distance learning on college students' dietary patterns, sleep quality and perception of stress during the COVID-19 epidemic in Taiwan. 265 college students from a university in Taichung were recruited in this study. The self-administered online questionnaire was used to investigate the changes in eating behavior, sleep quality, and perception of stress before and one month after distance learning, and further analyzed the relationship among them. The questionnaire contains demographic information, dietary questionnaires (including six categories of food intake behaviors, convenience food intake frequency), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Perceived Stress Scale (Chinese 14-item PSS). The results showed that the proportion of college students to meet the recommended Taiwan Dietary Guidelines amount in vegetables (21.9%), fruits (27.5%), meats and dairy products (15.8%), and nuts and seeds (11.3%) were lower during distance learning. The frequency of convenient food intake was lower during distance learning (13.31 +/- 6.10 points;never to occasionally). During the distance learning period, there was a significant negative correlation between dietary patterns and sleep quality (r = -0.160, p = 0.009), It shows that college students with higher dietary pattern scores have better sleep quality. During the distance learning period, there was a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and perceived stress (r = 0.320, p < 0.001), It shows that college students with higher levels of stress had poorer sleep quality. This study found that the lower the perceived stress of college students, the better their diet and sleep quality;conversely, the higher the perceived stress, the worse their diet and sleep quality. Studies have shown that a healthy, balanced diet can reduce the risk of getting various diseases. Therefore, in the post-epidemic era, it is recommended that schools increase the accessibility and availability of vegetables, fruits, dairy products, nuts and seeds on campus to make it easier for teachers and students to obtain such healthy food in order to achieve the goal of promoting balanced diet.Copyright © 2022 Nutrition Society in Taipei. All rights reserved.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness and Aerobic Exercise on Psychological Factors and Sleep Quality Following Recovery from COVID-19.

Background and purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic have led to some psychological disorders and sleep problems that should be taken into account after recovery. After recovering from COVID-19 people are at risk of sleep disorders, depression, and low quality of life and there is paucity of information about this issue. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and aerobic exercise on depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sleep quality in recovered COVID-19 patients. Material(s) and Method(s): An intervention field research was performed in 60 male and female patients (mean age: 39.52+/-5.82) recovered from COVID-19 in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants were randomly divided into four groups (n=15): 1) attending mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program, 2) aerobic exercise, 3) combination of MBSR and aerobic exercise, and 4) control group. The study was carried out at four stages: pretest, interventions, post-test, and follow-up test. Dependent variables included depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sleep quality. Bonferroni Post hoc test in 4*3 mixed ANOVA was used for data analysis. Result(s): In this study, depression and perceived stress reduced in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P= 0.001). Also, sleep quality improved in these groups compared to the control group (P= 0.001). Post hoc tests showed the superiority of combination of MBSR and aerobic exercise compared to other interventions. Conclusion(s): According to current study, combination of MBSR and physical activity shows to be more helpful than mindfulness training and physical activity alone in improving psychological problems and sleep quality after recovering from COVID-19.Copyright © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

Mental health parameters of adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic, an era of compulsory online education in India

Background: COVID-19-Pandemic Lockdowns initiated online teaching-learning in India. We aimed to assess mental health (MH) of adolescents studying online for academic milestone of matriculation during these circumstances. Material(s) and Method(s): It was a cross sectional study carried out in Western Maharashtra, during 2021. MH of study subjects was assessed by presence and severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress (DAS) and emotional intelligence (EI). They were measured by DAS Scale-42 (DASS-42) and Schutte's self-report EI test (SET) respectively with collection of socio-demographic information maintaining confidentiality. Data were analysed by SPSS-20 software. MH parameters were compared with pre-pandemic pilot and other studies to study effect of online education and overall COVID-19 Pandemic scenario on MH of study subjects. Result(s): Total 1162 adolescents participated, out of which 59 were omitted from the analysis due to incomplete data. Out of remaining 1103 participants, 43% boys & 57 % girls with the mean age of 14.69 (+0.78) years. Majority of them belonged to middle socio-economic-status. Mean DAS and EI scores denoted mild anxiety with no evidence of depression and stress. Mean EI score was in normal range. Mean DAS scores were significantly lower and mean EI score was significantly higher than reported in -pandemic pilot and other studies. Conclusion(s): MH derangement of matriculating adolescents during COVID-19- Pandemic with online education seemed to be less severe than that was in pre-pandemic times with in-class education. Recommendations: MH support at schools needs to be strengthened. During the post-COVID-19 period, online school education may be continued in LMIC like India on the basis of willingness of students and parents but with caution and understanding of socio-cultural background and support.Copyright © 2022 Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

Features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden on healthcare professionals at all levels has increased significantly, especially those who are at the forefront of the fight for patients' lives. Physicians directly caring for COVID-19 patients are exposed to excessive stress and significant biological and psychosocial risk. Objective. To identify the features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study included 85 doctors of the Arkhangelsk region: 41 anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians (mean age 32.4+/-5.0 years) and 44 general practitioners (mean age 38.9+/-4.2 years). The study was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (from May to June 2021). We used the following study methods: questionnaire, psychological testing (K. Maslach and S. Jackson Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck's Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index), mathematical and statistical processing of empirical data. Results and discussion. Analysis of the results showed that about half of the surveyed general practitioners and only 3 (7.3%) of the anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians had a history of COVID-19, having contracted it while performing professional duties. Manifestations of maladaptation, such as low professional competence, lack of soft skills, aggressiveness, introversion, risktaking, recklessness, and family problems, are more pronounced in anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians. They were more likely to have negative emotions and feelings, were less satisfied with themselves and life in general, and had a lower well-being index than general practitioners. General practitioners overestimated their professional burnout severity and more often complained about their state of health. Correlation analysis of the examination results for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians allowed us to identify direct relationships between the level of perceived stress, overstrain and depression, low mood, difficulties in relationships with relatives and colleagues, dissatisfaction with various aspects of life, inverse relationships between the level of perceived stress and the well-being index. In general practitioners, direct relationships were established between perceived stress and overexertion, and inverse relationships were established between the level of perceived stress, the well-being index, and the reduction of personal achievements. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians more than general practitioners, causing negative emotions and maladaptation. In primary care physicians, the pandemic increases mobilization processes to address emerging professional challenges. Therefore, special attention should be paid to psychological support for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians.Copyright © 2023, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Psychological Distress among Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychological distress experienced by healthcare and non-healthcare professionals working in a hospital setting during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methodology: This survey-based cross-sectional study included 361 professionals (288 healthcare and 73 non-healthcare professionals) working at Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Psychological distress was assessed using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21). Result(s): There was a higher prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare professionals as compared to the non-healthcare professionals, as indicated by the mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores on DASS-21 (p<0.05). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of psychological distress were similar in both genders and individuals of all age groups. Healthcare professionals were twice more likely to be severely depressed and stressed as compared to non-healthcare professionals (p<0.05). Conclusion(s): This study concludes that psychological distress is more prevalent among healthcare workers than non-healthcare workers.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Association Between COVID-19 Pandemic and Serious Mental Illness: Systematic Review within Salutogenesis Model for Public Health Management

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the constant transformation of the SARS-COV-2 virus form, exposure to substantial psychosocial stress, environmental change, and isolation have led to the inference that the overall population's mental health could be affected, resulting in an increase in cases of psychosis. Objective(s): We initiated a systematic review to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus and its long-term effects-in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases-on people with or without psychosis. We envisioned that this would give us an insight into effective clinical intervention methods for patients with psychosis during and after the pandemic. Method(s): We selected fifteen papers that met our inclusion criteria, i.e., those that considered participants with or without psychiatric illness and exposed to SARS-COV-2 infection, for this review and were retrieved via Google, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO Database. Key Gap: There is a dearth of research in understanding how COVID-19 affects people with or without a prior personal history of psychosis. Result(s): The systematic review summary provides insight into the state of knowledge. Insights from the systematic review have also been reviewed from the salutogenesis model's perspec-tive. There is moderate evidence of new-onset psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in which some antipsychotics treated the psychotic symptoms of patients while treating for COVID-19. Suggestions and recommendations are made for preventive and promotive public health strategies. Conclusion(s): The Salutogenesis model and Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) provide another preventive and promotive public health management approach.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

Association of health behaviors with mental health problems in adolescents during COVID-19

Aim: Adolescents have experienced disruption in their daily routines, including changes in health behaviors such as an increased sedentary behavior and increased smartphone usage. The aim of this study was to assess the association of health behaviors with mental health problems. Method(s): Five cross-sectional surveys (February 2021 to May 2022) were performed during the pandemic assessing physical activity, smartphone usage, depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9)), anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7 (GAD-7)), sleep quality (Insomnia Severity Index 7 (ISI-7)), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10)). In total, N = 7201 adolescents (age: 14-20 years ((MW +/- SD): 16.63 +/- 1.49 years);70.2% female, 18.8% migration background) participated. Result(s): A strong increase in mobile phone usage as well as a decrease in physical activity as compared to pre-pandemic data were observed (p < 0.001). Compared to the lowest smartphone user group (<1 h/d), the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for depressive symptoms increased with increasing smartphone usage to 1.98 (3-4 h/d), 3.30 (5-6 h/d), 4.96 (7-8 h/d), and 6.79 (>8 h/d). High utilizers (>8 h/d) were also more likely to experience clinically relevant anxiety, insomnia, or stress symptoms (aORs 3.23-5.75) compared to those using the smartphone less than 1 h/d. Conclusion(s): Results highlight the need for measures to promote responsible smartphone usage as well as to increase physical activity, so as to promote mental health in adolescence.Copyright © 2023

Differences in Perceived Stress and Depression among Weight (Dis)Satisfied Midwestern College Students during COVID-19

Background: Stress and depression are common mental health concerns among college students. Factors related to weight status and stigma are associated with poor mental health outcomes. We sought to describe the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction in relation to stress and depression among college students (n = 551). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via a convenient sample between December 2020 and February 2021. Mean differences in the Perceived Stress Scale-10 scores and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores were examined using a one-way analysis of variance. Associations between stress, depression, and weight dissatisfaction were measured by logistic regression. Results: Weight dissatisfied (75.1%) students had significantly higher mean depression scores compared to weight satisfied. The weight dissatisfied students were 1.05 times more likely to be depressed compared to those who were weight satisfied. Significant mean differences in stress and/or depression were found for weight dissatisfied students by gender, race, parental status, marital status, residence, and U.S. citizenship. Weight dissatisfaction was higher than that reported in the literature, possibly due to the influence of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Strategies to reduce the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction for improved mental health should be explored, particularly efforts to reduce weight stigmatization and expand access to mental health care. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of COVID is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

COMPARISON OF COVID-19 FEAR, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL, MENTAL HEALTH, ACADEMIC MOTIVATION AND SLEEP QUALITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO RECEIVED DISTANCE AND FACE-TO-FACE EDUCATION DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD.

Purpose: One of the areas most affected by the sudden restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic was the education system and students. The aim of this study was to compare the fear of Covid-19, physical activity levels, mental health, academic motivation and sleep quality of students who received distance education and face-to-face education during the pandemic period. Method(s): In our study 93 university students who received distance education (age: 20.33+/- 1.82 years, height: 167.08+/-8.86 cm, weight: 61.41+/-12.08 kg) and 110 university students who received face-to-face education (age: 20.13+/-0.98 years, height: 167.62+/-8.12 cm, weight: 62.20+/-13.32 kg) were included. Fear of Covid-19 were evaluated by the Covid-19 Fear Scale, physical activity levels by International Physical Activity Questionnaire, mental healths by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, academic motivations by Academic Motivation Scale, and sleep quality by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Result(s): There was no difference between the two groups in the parameters of mental health (p=0.335), academic motivation (p=0.629) and sleep quality (p=0.230). It was observed that the fears of Covid-19 (p=0.001) and physical activity levels (p=0.023) of the students who received distance education were lower than those who received face-to-face education, and the sitting times (p=0.001) were higher. Conclusion(s): During the Covid-19 pandemic, it was observed that there was no difference in mental health, academic motivation and sleep quality between distance education and face-to- face education. However, we think that it is important to plan for reducing the sitting times and to increase their physical activity levels of students who receive distance education.Copyright © 2022 Turkish Physiotherapy Association. All rights reserved.

Stress and resilience in the workers of three health authorities of Emilia-Romagna during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aims: The aim of the present study was to study the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic symptoms in Health-Care Workers (HCWs) of three Health Authorities of Emilia-Romagna, Italy during the COVID pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): An online questionnaire was spread to the staff of the University Hospital of Modena and the Local Health Agencies of Modena and Romagna, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R), and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale - Short Version (UWES-9). The scores at DASS-21 and IES-R were used as dependent variables in multivariate logistic regression models. Result(s): A total of 5868 HCWs were reached (response rate of 22.4%), 76.1% of which were women, mostly aged between 45 and 54 years. Rates of positive scores were: 27.9% DASS-21 Depression;28.4% DASS-21 Anxiety;34.7% DASS-21 Stress;21.9% IES-R. At the multivariate logistic regression, the following were statistically significant risk factors for positive scores: female sex, young age, and working at the front line. An increase in alcohol and tobacco consumption and worsening of eating habits were also strongly associated with symptoms. At UWES-9, the three samples reported lower vigor than dedication and absorption, which are at a medium-high level. Conclusion(s): HCWs have experienced high levels of emotional distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant improvements are needed not only in terms of organization and distribution of resources, but also in provision of dedicated psycho-social interventions.Copyright © 2023

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Psychological Disturbances in Patients with Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases and Covid-19 Infection in an Ambulatory Service

Objectives: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection caused by the new coronavirus that has spread around the world, becoming an international public health emergency. Studies have shown a high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in patients after the infection, a situation that can be evenmore pronounced in patients with chronic diseases such as Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IRMD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 infection and pandemic on patients with IRMD as well as to describe the epidemiological profile of the selected population. Method(s): A longitudinal cohort observational study was carried out with a comparison group, based on the analysis of data from patients of Project Reumacov, organized by de Brazilian Society of Rheumatology, in Manaus/ Amazonas. Data regarding the psychological impact was obtained through the application of DASS-21 forms, which evaluated levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Possible answers were divided into four categories according to the frequency of the symptoms presented, such as Not applicable;Present for a short time;Present for a significant amount of time or Present most of the time. Result(s): In total, 283 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 44 years and the majority of the patients were female. The most frequent diagnosis was systemic lupus erythematosus, followed by rheumatoid arthritis. Of the patients included, 270 answered the DASS-21 questionnaire, being 152 in the Case group (patients with COVID-19) and 118 in the Control group (patients without COVID-19). There was a significant statistic correlation between high levels of depression, anxiety and stress and the presence of COVID-19 related symptoms. Conclusion(s): Our study demonstrated that high levels of stress, depression and anxiety were associated to the coronavirus infection. It is, however, difficult to determine whether this scenario is a result of a physiological response to the infection or a consequence of the social context of a pandemic. This knowledge may contribute to a better understanding of COVID-19 infection and its repercussions as well as to highlight the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach aimed at the mental health of patients with rheumatic diseases.

Relationship assessment between mood disorders, headaches, and temporomandibular disorders in healthcare workers post-COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress levels, headaches, and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in healthcare professionals in a post-pandemic setting. Method(s): A cross-sectional study conducted through an online questionnaire was distributed among healthcare professionals in Mainland Portugal. The sample's characterization was undertaken according to sociodemographic parameters. The following assessment instruments were used: 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) for emotional parameters, namely depression, anxiety, and stress;International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) for headache disorders;Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for temporomandibular joint dysfunction symptoms. Inferential analysis was performed using phi, Cramer's V, and gamma tests. Result(s): The sample comprised 118 individuals (93.2% female, 6.8% male). Results showed a prevalence of 38.1% for depression, 51.7% for anxiety, and 39.8% for stress. Regarding headaches, a prevalence of 62.7% was reported. Symptoms of temporomandibular disorders had a prevalence of 50%. Significant differences were found between headache and stress (p=0.034), headache and temporomandibular joint disorders symptoms (p=0.002), and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and depression (p=0.009), anxiety (p=0.003), and stress levels (p=0.014). Conclusion(s): There seems to be a positive correlation between headaches and stress levels, between temporomandibular disorders symptoms and all psychosocial parameters, and between temporomandibular disorder symptoms and headaches. Data suggests that these symptoms worsened after the pandemic.Copyright © 2023 Sociedade Portuguesa de Estomatologia e Medicina Dentaria. Published by SPEMD.

Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Blood Pressure in Urban Haiti

Introduction: Stress is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including hypertension. The impact of stress on health may be moderated by social support. The distribution of stress, support, and their association with hypertension have not been well described in low-income countries that face severe poverty. Over the past decade, Haiti has suffered massive natural disasters including the 2010 earthquake, cholera outbreak, COVID-19 pandemic, and recurrent civil instability-all of which may act as prolonged stressors.Hypothesis: We assessed the hypotheses that 1) there are high levels of both stress and support in Haiti, and 2) high support would moderate the relationship between high stress and hypertension. Method(s): We measured stress and social support using validated instruments in a population-representative cohort of adults living in urban Port-au-Prince, Haiti between March 2019 and April 2021. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, while social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. For visualization, continuous scores were categorized using equal-width groups (stress: low (1-5), moderate (6-10), high (11-16);support: low (7-21), low-moderate (22-35), moderate (36-49), moderate-high (50-64), high (65-77)). Linear regression models were used to quantify the associations between: 1) stress and support adjusting for age and sex, 2) blood pressure and stress adjusting for age and sex. A formal moderation analysis was conducted to assess if support moderated the relationship between stress and blood pressure. Result(s): Among 2,817 adults, 59.7% female and the median age was 40 years (IQR 28-55). The majority had an income of less than 1 US dollar a day (69.7%). The median stress score was 8 out of 16 points, and median support score was 61 out of 77 points. Stress was higher with older ages (60+ years versus 18-29 years: +0.79 points, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.08) and in females (+0.85 points, 95% CI +0.65 to +1.06). Support was higher in males (+3.29 points, 95% CI 2.19 to 4.39). Support was inversely associated with stress, adjusting for age and sex (-0.04 points, 95% CI -0.04 to -0.03). Stress was not associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure after adjustment for age and sex. Support did not moderate the association between stress and blood pressure. Conclusion(s): In this urban cohort of Haitian adults living with chronic civil instability, stress was moderate and support was high. While support was associated with lower stress, it did not moderate the relationship between stress and blood pressure. Despite the high levels of instability in Haiti, participants displayed resiliency through high levels of support, which may be an underutilized resource in reducing stress and long-term negative health outcomes.

Study of Anxiety, stress and Depression Associated with Breastfeeding in COVID-positive Mothers of block Hazratbal, Kashmir

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disseminated worldwide, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia. Since then, there have been over 62300396 cases of COVID-19 infections worldwide, with 6550033 deaths. Coronavirus disease has presented the world to uncertainty and clinical dilemma with developing and constantly changing management guidelines and protocols. In the backdrop of this pandemic, it thus becomes crucial to study the effects of the infection on pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. In this study, we analyzed experiences of breastfeeding mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically concerning how COVID-positive status affected their infant's feeding decisions. Objective(s): To study anxiety, fear and depression associated with breastfeeding in coronavirus disease (COVID)-positive mothers. Method(s): The following DASS scale was used to measure depression anxiety, and stress of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) among postpartum women along with a self-made breastfeeding questionnaire to assess the association with breastfeeding. Result(s): Among the total of 77 respondents, 13% showed symptoms of depression, 16% anxiety and 9% stress. The breastfeeding questionnaire suggested that most women are afraid of transmitting the infection to their newborns and they lack the knowledge about the importance of breast milk in warding off other infections. Also, women found it difficult to take care of their newborns on their own. Conclusion(s): With this study, we could determine the effects of this pandemic on anxiety depression, and stress levels of COVID infection in postpartum women. It clearly showed that being COVID positive created, affected, and exacerbated mental health issues for mothers. So, there is an urgent need to provide emotional and psychosocial support to this group of the population during the crisis. Otherwise, the adverse outcome is possible involving both mother and newborn.

Impact of Covid-19 among Small Scale Industry Fishermen - A Mixed Methods Study from Coastal Area of Karnataka

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has grave implications worldwide. Workers in small scale industries like fisheries forms a vulnerable group without social security/recognised labour rights Objectives: To assess the physical, mental and socio- economic impact of COVID-19 among fishermen community from coastal area of Karnataka 2. To understand the challenges faced and coping mechanism adopted to mitigate the impact Methodology: This community based mixed methods study was conducted among 138 participants from a fishermen community in coastal Karnataka. Quantitative data included sociodemographics, COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, related expenses and DASS -21 questionnaire. Qualitative data was collected through 3 Focus Group Discussions and 7 Key informant Interviews till data saturation. Result(s): A total of 138 participants (quantitative 107 and qualitative 31) were included. Majority of the participants were males (70.1%), belonged to age category of 46-60 years (37.4%), nuclear family (71%) and were from low socioeconomic status (79.4%). COVID-19 appropriate behaviour was found to be poor among participants with only 36% using masks, 24.3% washing hands and 10.3% maintaining social distancing. Among 107, 51 (47.7%) participants had probable COVID-19 symptoms. However only 7 (10.9%) had tested for COVID-19 with test positivity rate of 57.1%. Two participants were admitted in hospital with mean hospital stay of 7 days. According to DASS-21, 20.6%, 15.9% and 9.3% screened positive for depression, anxiety and stress respectively. Nealy 90% lost jobs and more than 75% reported to have financial difficulties. Major challenges included loss of livelihood, inaccessibility to health care, repayment of loans, stigma related to Covid-19 and meeting educational expenses of children with one drop out from college. Strategies to cope up with financial difficulty included borrowings, pawning and selling assets at individual level. Activities of local self-help groups in the community and grass root level marketing strategies were highly successful in mitigating the impact as a community. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 has affected fishermen community to a large extent. This understanding will enable to implement need-based intervention strategies and help in disaster preparedness among this population.

Comparing the Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Yoga on Stress Levels in College Students

Purpose of Study: College for many is a time of transition. This transition from adolescence to young adulthood can be very stressful. During the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of suicide, depression and anxiety increased in adolescents and young adults. Recently, Wang and colleagues (2020) found that among 2,031 students in a large US university, 48% reported having moderate-to-severe depression, 38% had moderate-to-severe anxiety, and 18% had thoughts of suicide. Effective strategies to help emerging adults cope with stress is critically needed to decrease these alarming data. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and yoga on college students' perceived levels of stress. A secondary aim of the study was to examine whether athlete status would moderate the effectiveness of either intervention. Methods Used: A sample of 55 college students were recruited via email during the spring of 2022. Students were randomly assigned to complete a single, 20-minute session of either yoga or aerobic exercise. Participant's current and chronic stress levels were recorded both before and after exercise. Chronic stress was measured using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and current stress was measured using a modified version of the same scale. To support the second research aim, participants were asked to report if they were a member of a college-affiliated athletic team during the 2021-2022 academic year. Demographic characteristics including age, gender, and ethnicity were also collected. Summary of Results: A 2 (Time) X 2 (Condition) x 2 (Athlete Status) mixed factorial ANOVA was conducted. Results indicated that both aerobic exercise and yoga led to a significant decrease in chronic stress (p=.03), although there were no meaningful differences between the two conditions (p=.075). This pattern of results held for current stress as well, with both groups experiencing an equivalent decrease in current stress (p<.001). Athlete-status did not significantly predict changes in current or chronic stress, nor did it moderate the efficacy of either intervention. Conclusion(s): Taken together, these findings indicate that a small bout of exercise, regardless of type, can help decrease reported stress for college students. They also provide preliminary evidence about the efficacy of exercise as stress reduction for college athletes. Our findings provide further support for using exercise as a practical strategy for coping with stress. (Table Presented).

Features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden on healthcare professionals at all levels has increased significantly, especially those who are at the forefront of the fight for patients' lives. Physicians directly caring for COVID-19 patients are exposed to excessive stress and significant biological and psychosocial risk. Objective. To identify the features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study included 85 doctors of the Arkhangelsk region: 41 anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians (mean age 32.4+/-5.0 years) and 44 general practitioners (mean age 38.9+/-4.2 years). The study was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (from May to June 2021). We used the following study methods: questionnaire, psychological testing (K. Maslach and S. Jackson Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck's Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index), mathematical and statistical processing of empirical data. Results and discussion. Analysis of the results showed that about half of the surveyed general practitioners and only 3 (7.3%) of the anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians had a history of COVID-19, having contracted it while performing professional duties. Manifestations of maladaptation, such as low professional competence, lack of soft skills, aggressiveness, introversion, risktaking, recklessness, and family problems, are more pronounced in anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians. They were more likely to have negative emotions and feelings, were less satisfied with themselves and life in general, and had a lower well-being index than general practitioners. General practitioners overestimated their professional burnout severity and more often complained about their state of health. Correlation analysis of the examination results for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians allowed us to identify direct relationships between the level of perceived stress, overstrain and depression, low mood, difficulties in relationships with relatives and colleagues, dissatisfaction with various aspects of life, inverse relationships between the level of perceived stress and the well-being index. In general practitioners, direct relationships were established between perceived stress and overexertion, and inverse relationships were established between the level of perceived stress, the well-being index, and the reduction of personal achievements. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians more than general practitioners, causing negative emotions and maladaptation. In primary care physicians, the pandemic increases mobilization processes to address emerging professional challenges. Therefore, special attention should be paid to psychological support for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians.Copyright © 2023, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Occupational stress and its influencing factors of primary health care workers during COVID-19.

[Background] Since the outbreak of COVID-19, primary health care workers have been facing un-precedented work pressure, and their occupational stress should be taken seriously. [Objective] To analyze the occupational stress situation and its influencing factors of primary health care workers in Guangdong Province, and to propose targeted interventions. [Methods] Using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, each prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province was classified into "good", "medium", or "poor" category based on its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 released by the Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Statistics. In September 2021, four primary health care institutions were randomly selected from each stra-tum, and a total of 1 327 staff members were selected for the study. The Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) and a basic information questionnaire designed by the authors were used. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the means between two groups, and Kruskal-Walis H test was used to compare the means among multiple groups. The comparison of categorical data was performed by trend chi2 test or Pearson chi2 test;the analysis of factors influencing occupational stress was performed by dichotomous multiple logistic regression analysis. [Results] There were 365 health care workers reporting occupational stress in this survey, and the positive rate of occupational stress was 27.5%. The total occupational stress score in M (P25, P75) and the scores of social support, organization and reward, demand and effort, and control were 45.0 (40.0, 50.0), 20.0 (17.0, 21.0), 14.0 (12.0, 17.0), 12.0 (10.0, 15.0), and 5.0 (4.0, 6.0), re-spectively. The results of dichotomous multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high education, low income, doctor positions, long working hours in a day, and shift work were associated with the occurrence of reporting occupational stress (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Education, average monthly income, job category, daily working hours, and shifts are factors influencing the occurrence of reporting occupational stress in primary health care workers;targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce their occupational stress levels.Copyright © 2023, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.

Measuring caregiver stress and perceived self-efficacy during a worldwide pandemic

Background: Anxiety and depression levels are significant in caregivers of young people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) [1]. Literature also shows that perceived self-efficacy (a person's beliefs about their capabilities) is lower in caregivers of children with chronic illness;particularly with increased stress, lack of resources, or ambiguity related to illness course [2,3]. There are few studies looking at the effects of the pandemic on self-efficacy in caregivers and children. Given the national distress, school closures, and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, our team aimed to investigate effects on caregivers of young PwCF (<=18) at our CF center, particularly their perceived stress, anxiety, and self-efficacy. Method(s): An anonymous survey using REDCap was developed to look at descriptive features of caregiver demographics, number of children in the home with CF, and perceptions related to COVID-19 and how it affected their lifestyle. Caregivers completing the survey rated their current stress, anxiety, and depression levels. The PROMIS self-efficacy tool, a validated measure of perceived self-efficacy, was incorporated into the survey. Most response options were on a Likert scale. The survey was available electronically through hyperlink and a QR scan code. Result(s): Of 17 caregivers who responded to our initial survey, 82% reported that COVID-19 had significantly affected their lives, 41% experienced financial hardship, 53% were feeling "more" or "much more" anxious, 76% were feeling angrier, and 94% reported "more" or "much more" stress than before the pandemic (Figure 1). Many respondents were worried about spreading illness to their children or being unable to care for their child. Perceived self-efficacy scores were average to high in most caregivers, indicating confidence in their abilities to manage difficult situations. Respondents were more likely to be female and well educated and have private insurance. (Figure Presented) Figure 1. Responses to difference in current perceived stress level before and durring the pandemic Conclusion(s): This is the first known descriptive study to look at effects of a worldwide pandemic on caregivers of young PwCF. It also is one of few studies examining caregiver perceived self-efficacy in CF. It was limited by the number of responses, skewed demographics of those who responded, and being administered at a single CF center. We found that caregivers of PwCF at our center are experiencing higher rates of stress, anxiety, and anger. This did not seem to affect their perceived self-efficacy, although therewas no pre-pandemic measurement.We learned thatwe need to find ways to reach a larger demographic and those who are underrepresented. This study shows the need to better understand caregiver emotional distress, especially during times of ambiguity. Understanding caregiver stress and perceived self-efficacy has the potential to provide insight for the medical team on supportive ways to abate negative outcomes in young PwCFCopyright © 2022, European Cystic Fibrosis Society. All rights reserved